The Temple of Debod is an ancient Nubian temple first built in the second century BCE at a spot about 15km (9 miles) south of Aswan, in what is now Egypt.

When the Aswan High Dam was constructed in the 1960s it was one of the archaeological sites that was going to be flooded due to the creation of the new lake behind the dam. The International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia was mobilised to deconstruct, move and reassemble many of these sites in new locations, safe from the waters of Lake Aswan. Four countries in particular, the USA, Italy, The Netherlands and Spain, made especially significant contributions to the effort and, in gratitude for their support, in 1968 the Egyptian government gifted to each of them one of the lesser monuments that was to be saved. The Temple of Debod was Spain's gift.

Over a period of two years, beginning in 1970, it was taken apart, transported, and rebuilt in the Parque de la Montaña in Madrid city centre, where it stands to this day.